Problem:
Java is a pain. It's needed for so much yet it is such a pig to get the right versions etc, I recently required a very specific version of java 8 (update 45) so thought I would document the procedure I followed to get it working proficiently.
Solution:
The first step is to actually download the required files. This can itself be a problem, the version I am using is jdk-8u45-linux-x64.tar.gz. One of the best ways I have found to come across these files is to literally google the file name you're looking for.
The file name is made from either jdk or jre followed by the version, build, platform, architecture and finally the extension. For example if you were looking for the JRE version 7 update 60 on 64 linux you'd want jre-7u60-linux-x86.tar.gz (I'm not even sure if this exists, but you get the point).
If you're looking to just run a java program, the Java Runtime Environment (JRE) is sufficient, however if all you can find is the Java Development Kit (JDK) that is fine. The JDK contains the JRE as well as files required for building and compiling java programs.
So get the file onto your server somehow, I used wget from a local file server:
wget http://<yourserver>/jdk-8u45-linux-x64.tar.gz
root@shawshank-db1:/home/user# wget http://svs-ftp.example.com/Java/linux/jdk-8u45-linux-x64.tar.gz
--2016-09-30 12:06:26-- http://svs-ftp.example.com/Java/linux/jdk-8u45-linux-x64.tar.gz
Resolving svs-ftp.example.com (svs-ftp.example.com)... 10.53.230.126
Connecting to svs-ftp.example.com (svs-ftp.example.com)|10.53.230.126|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 173271626 (165M) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘jdk-8u45-linux-x64.tar.gz’
jdk-8u45-linux-x64.tar.g 100%[==================================>] 165.24M 646MB/s in 0.3s
2016-09-30 12:06:26 (646 MB/s) - ‘jdk-8u45-linux-x64.tar.gz’ saved [173271626/173271626]
root@shawshank-db1:/home/user#
Now we've got the right files we need to extract the archive:
tar -xzvf jdk-8u45-linux-x64.tar.gz
root@shawshank-db1:/home/user# tar -xzvf jdk-8u45-linux-x64.tar.gz
jdk1.8.0_45/
jdk1.8.0_45/jre/
jdk1.8.0_45/jre/THIRDPARTYLICENSEREADME.txt
jdk1.8.0_45/jre/plugin/
jdk1.8.0_45/jre/plugin/desktop/
jdk1.8.0_45/jre/plugin/desktop/sun_java.png
jdk1.8.0_45/jre/plugin/desktop/sun_java.desktop
<output omitted>
root@shawshank-db1:/home/user#
This has created a directory with all the relevant files.
Now we need to put this somewhere, I like using /usr/lib/jvm/ as my java directory, but it really doesn't matter. We can then move our extracted files to that directory.
mkdir /usr/lib/jvm
mv jdk1.8.0_45/ /usr/lib/jvm/
The steps I followed are slightly different, but you get the picture:
root@shawshank-db1:/home/user# cd /usr/lib/
root@shawshank-db1:/usr/lib# mkdir /usr/lib/jvm
root@shawshank-db1:/usr/lib# mv /home/user/jdk1.8.0_45/ jvm/
root@shawshank-db1:/usr/lib# cd jvm
root@shawshank-db1:/usr/lib/jvm# ls
jdk1.8.0_45
root@shawshank-db1:/usr/lib/jvm#
Now we need to actually tell linux where the java executable is. Personally I like to have the flexibility to install multiple options. So i first create a 'default-java' symlink which I can change in the future to move between versions
ln -s /usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.8.0_45 /usr/lib/jvm/default-java
root@shawshank-db1:/usr/lib/jvm# ln -s /usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.8.0_45 /usr/lib/jvm/default-java
root@shawshank-db1:/usr/lib/jvm# ls
default-java jdk1.8.0_45
root@shawshank-db1:/usr/lib/jvm#
Now the java path itself is inside the jre/bin directories within default-java. This may vary depending on your installation package.
root@shawshank-db1:/usr/lib/jvm# ls default-java/jre/bin
ControlPanel java javaws jcontrol jjs keytool orbd pack200 policytool rmid rmiregistry servertool tnameserv unpack200
root@shawshank-db1:/usr/lib/jvm#
Let's add a link to java from the system path.
ln -s /usr/lib/jvm/default-java/jre/bin/java /usr/bin/java
root@shawshank-db1:/usr/lib/jvm# ln -s /usr/lib/jvm/default-java/jre/bin/java /usr/bin/java
root@shawshank-db1:/usr/lib/jvm# java -version
java version "1.8.0_45"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_45-b14)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.45-b02, mixed mode)
root@shawshank-db1:/usr/lib/jvm#
(Optional)
The program I am using tries to look for a JAVA_HOME bash environment variable. We can set that using the export keyword but that will only last for the current session, to make it persistent we need to add it to the .bashrc file in the user's directory.
echo 'export JAVA_HOME="/usr/lib/jvm/default-java/jre"' >> /root/.bashrc
root@shawshank-db1:/usr/lib/jvm# echo 'export JAVA_HOME="/usr/lib/jvm/default-java/jre"' >> /root/.bashrc
root@shawshank-db1:/usr/lib/jvm# cat /root/.bashrc | tail
# this, if it's already enabled in /etc/bash.bashrc and /etc/profile
# sources /etc/bash.bashrc).
#if [ -f /etc/bash_completion ] && ! shopt -oq posix; then
# . /etc/bash_completion
#fi
export JAVA_HOME="/usr/lib/jvm/default-java/jre"
root@shawshank-db1:/usr/lib/jvm#
Summary
wget http://<yourserver>/jdk-8u45-linux-x64.tar.gz
tar -xzvf jdk-8u45-linux-x64.tar.gz
mkdir /usr/lib/jvm
mv jdk1.8.0_45/ /usr/lib/jvm/
ln -s /usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.8.0_45 /usr/lib/jvm/default-java
ln -s /usr/lib/jvm/default-java/jre/bin/java /usr/bin/java
echo 'export JAVA_HOME="/usr/lib/jvm/default-java/jre"' >> /root/.bashrc
java -version